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compressive sensing (sparse coding),
information theory,
control theory,
economics,
logic,
operations research,
game theory,
and optimization.
We struggle with what is intelligent, but not artificial.
https://www.tor.com/2011/06/21/norvig-vs-chomsky-and-the-fight-for-the-future-of-ai/
We use rational agents as our approach. An agent is an entity that can perceive an environment X and can act on it where X can be virtual or physical. How an agent decides to act given all previous considerations is a black box.
So, intelligence or rationality is when an agent makes the best decision in a given environment and goal with constraints and acts in accordance with it. Therefore, we evaluate an agent by its results, not by its mental state.
If an agent makes the best decision in all environments and goals, it is called artificial general intelligence.
If an agent makes the best decision in a specific environment, it is called weak AI.
From a scientific point’s view is understanding complete AI, but from an engineering point’s view is making incomplete, imperfect, and weak artificial intelligence.